BioMed Central Ltd.Acta Medica Okayama1757-474922010Trend of Entamoeba histolytica infestation in KolkataENAvik KMukherjeeKaushikDasMihir KBhattacharyaTomoyoshiNozakiSandipanGangulyBackground:
Entamoeba histolytica infection is found almost all over the world and is highly endemic and a major cause of parasitic diarrhoea particularly in the developing countries.
Methods:
A systemic surveillance was set up at the Infectious Disease hospital, Kolkata, India between November 2007 and October 2009 for understanding the trend of E. histolytica infection in Kolkata. Fecal samples were collected from diarrhoeal patients attending the hospital, under the surveillance system and processed for detection of E. histolytica.
Results:
During the last two years about 2500 diarrhoeal samples were collected and screened for E. histolytica. About 3.6% were positive for E. histolytica. As compared to the earlier years, E. histolytica infection was observed to be less amongst patients screened during the last two years. No seasonality was observed in Kolkata although in the neighboring tropical country Bangladesh, a typical seasonality of E. histolytica infection was noticed.
Conclusion:
The study indicates that the detection rate of E. histolytica infection amongst diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata is decreasing during the last two years than that of Bangladesh.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama1080-604018112012Vibrio fluvialis in Patients with Diarrhea, Kolkata, India18681871ENGoutamChowdhuryGururajaP. PazhaniDevaratiDuttaSucharitaGuinSanjuctaDuttaSantanuGhoshHidemasaIzumiyaMasahiroAsakuraShinjiYamasakiYoshifumiTakedaEijiArakawaHaruoWatanabeAsish K.MukhopadhyayMihir K.BhattacharyaK.RajendranGopinath BalakrishNairThandavarayanRamamurthyWe identified 131 strains of Vibrio fluvialis among 400 nonagglutinating Vibrio spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. For 43 patients, V. fluvialis was the sole pathogen identified. Most strains harbored genes encoding hemolysin and metalloprotease; this finding may contribute to understanding of the pathogenicity of V. fluvialis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier ScienceActa Medica Okayama 0264410X32supplment 12014Hospital based surveillance and genetic characterization of rotavirus strains in children (<5 years) with acute gastroenteritis in Kolkata, India, revealed resurgence of G9 and G2 genotypes during 2011-2013A20A28ENSatarupaMullickNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesPaulamiMandalNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesMukti Kant NayakNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesSouvikGhoshDepartment of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicinePapiyaDeNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesK.RajendranNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesMihir K.BhattacharyaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesUtpalaMitraNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesThandavarayanRamamurthyNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesNobumichiKobayashiDepartment of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineMamtaChawla-SarkarNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesINTRODUCTION:
India accounts for an estimated 457,000-884,000 hospitalizations and 2 million outpatient visits for diarrhea. In spite of the huge burden of rotavirus (RV) disease, RV vaccines have not been introduced in national immunization programme of India. Therefore, continuous surveillance for prevalence and monitoring of the circulating genotypes is needed to assess the disease burden prior to introduction of vaccines in this region.
METHODS:
During January 2011 through December 2013, 830 and 1000 stool samples were collected from hospitalized and out-patient department (OPD) patients, respectively, in two hospitals in Kolkata, Eastern India. After primary screening, the G-P typing was done by multiplex semi-nested PCR using type specific primers followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis for the VP7 gene of 25 representative strains was done.
RESULTS:
Among hospitalized and OPD patients, 53.4% and 47.5% cases were positive for rotaviruses, respectively. Unlike previous studies where G1 was predominant, in hospitalized cases G9 rotavirus strains were most prevalent (40%), followed by G2 (39.6%) whereas G1 and G12 occurred at 16.4% and 5.6% frequency. In OPD cases, the most prevalent strain was G2 (40.3%), followed by G1, G9 and G12 at 25.5%, 22.8%, 9.3%, respectively. Phylogenetically the G1, G2 and G9 strains from Kolkata did not cluster with corresponding genotypes of Rotarix, RotaTeq and Rotavac (116E) vaccine strains.
CONCLUSION:
The study highlights the high prevalence of RV in children with gastroenteritis in Kolkata. The circulating genotypes have changed over the time with predominance of G9 and G2 strains during 2011-2013. The current G2, G9 and G1 Kolkata strains shared low amino acid homologies with current vaccine strains. Although there is substantial evidence for cross protection of vaccines against a variety of strains, still the strain variation should be monitored post vaccine introduction to determine if it has any impact on vaccine effectiveness.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Public Library of ScienceActa Medica Okayama19326203822013Trends in the prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, Indiae56068ENSanjuctaDuttaDivision of Bacteriology, National, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaSucharitaGuinClinical Division, Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaSantanuGhoshDivision of Bacteriology, National, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaGururaja P.PazhaniDivision of Bacteriology, National, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaKrishnanRajendranDivision of Bacteriology, National, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaMihir K.BhattacharyaClinical Division, Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaYoshifumiTakedaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesG. BalakrishNairTranslational Health Science and Technology InstituteThandavarayanRamamurthyDivision of Bacteriology, National, Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in IndiaBACKGROUND:
To analyse the trends in the prevalence of different pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) among hospitalized acute diarrheal patients.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
From the active surveillance of diarrheal disease at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata, 3826 stool specimens collected during 2008-2011 were screened for DEC and other enteric pathogens. PCR was used in the detection of enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic and enteroaggregative E. coli and 10 major colonization factor antigens (CFs) of enterotoxigenic E. coli. The relationship between DEC infected patient's age group and clinical symptoms were also investigated. Multiplex PCR assay showed that the prevalence of EAEC was most common (5.7%) followed by ETEC (4.2%) and EPEC (1.8%). In diarrheal children >2 year of age, EAEC and EPEC were detected significantly (p = 0.000 and 0.007, respectively). In children >2 to 5 and >5 to 14 years, ETEC was significantly associated with diarrhea (p = 0.000 each). EAEC was significantly associated with diarrheal patients with age groups >14 to 30 and >30 to 50 years (p = 0.001, and p = 0.009, respectively). Clinical symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, were recorded in patients infected with ETEC. Dehydration status was severe among patients infected by ST-ETEC (19%) and EPEC (15%). CS6 was frequently detected (37%) among ETEC.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:
Hospital based surveillance reviled that specific pathogroups of DEC are important to certain age groups and among ETEC, CS6 was predominant.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Acta Medica Okayama10806040 1932013Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups and cholera-like diarrhea, Kolkata, India464467ENDevaratiDuttaational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataGoutamChowdhuryational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataGururaja P.Pazhaniational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataSucharitaGuinational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataSanjuctaDuttaational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataSantanuGhoshational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataK.Rajendranational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataRanjan K.Nandyational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataAsish K.Mukhopadhyayational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataMihir K.Bhattacharyaational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataUtpalaMitraational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataYoshifumiTakedaational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, KolkataG. BalakrishNairTranslational Health Science and Technology InstituteThandavarayanRamamurthyational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata We identified 281 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. Cholera-like diarrhea was the major symptom (66.0%); some patients (20.3%) had severe dehydration. These strains lacked the ctxA gene but many had hlyA, rtxA, and rtxC genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed no genetic link among strains.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MARY ANN LIEBERT, INCActa Medica Okayama1535314110102013An outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by dual pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden and Vibrio fluvialis in Kolkata, India904906ENGoutamChowdhuryNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases AnirbanSarkarNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesGururaja P.PazhaniNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesAsish K.MukhopadhyayNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesMihir K.BhattacharyaNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesThandavarayanRamamurthyNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden and Vibrio fluvialis were identified as etiological agents of a foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak after an Iftar feast in North Dumdum. Of the 278 cases admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata, 44 stool samples were tested for the enteric pathogens. Six were positive for Salmonella Weltevreden, 5 for Vibrio fluvialis, and 8 contained both of the pathogens. Consumption of mutton-ghogni might have been the likely vehicle of this outbreak. In the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella Weltevreden was identified as a single clone but the V. fluvialis strains were heterogeneous.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.